Chemical Thermodynamic

🔘 Basic Term 🔘

 1 ) System - Part of the universe under investigation.

2 )Open system - A system which can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings

3 )Close system  -A system which permits passage of energy but not mass, across its boundary.

4 ) Isolated system- A system which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surrounding.

5 ) Surroundings- Part of the universe other than system, which can Irriversible it.

6 ) Boundary- Anything which separates system from surrounding.

7 ) State variables- The variables which are required to be defined in order to define state of any system i.e. pressure, volume, mass, temperature, surface area, etc.

8) State Functions- Property of system which depend only on the state of the system and not on the path. Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.

9) Intensive properties- Properties of a system which do not depend on mass of the system i.e. temperature, pressure, density, concentration,

10) Extensive properties- Properties of a system which depend on mass of the system i.e. volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.

11) Process- Path along which state of a system changes.

12) isothermal process- Process which takes place at constant temperature

13 ) Isobaric process- Process which takes place at constant pressure

14) Isochoric process- Process which takes place at constant volume.

15) Adiabatic process- Process during which transfer of heat cannot take place between system and surrounding.

16) Cyclic process- Process in which system comes back to its initial state after undergoing series of changes.

17) Reversible process- Process during which the system always departs infinitesimally from the state of equilibrium i.e. its direction can be reversed at any moment.

18) Irriversible Process- This type of process is fast and gets completed in a single step. This process cannot be reversed. All the natural processes are of this type.