Learn Chemistry with Prof. Kiran Patil

 The role of Green chemistry The green chemistry approach plays an important role in sustainable development.  To promote innovative chemical technologies that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and use of chemical products. Green chemistry helps in preventing pollution and helps in reducing capital expenditure.  Green chemistry minimizes any negative environmental effects during the use and manufacture of chemicals. . Green chemistry helps to protect the presence of ozone in the stratosphere essential for the survival of life on the earth. Green chemistry is useful to control Greenhouse effect (Global warming). .  Finally, Green chemistry is about save environment and save earth.

 (a) Nanoscience It is the study of structures and materials that are of nanoscale sizes. 1nm = 10-9 m. The biological, physical and chemical properties of matter improve significantly at nano levels. b) Nanotechnology: It is defined as the design, characterization, production and application of structures, devices and systems which range between 1 nanometer and 100 nanometers in size. c) Nanomaterial: Material having structural components with at least one dimension in the nanometer scale that is 1-100 nm They are larger in size than a single atom but smaller than bacteria and cells. They can be nanoparticles, nanowires or nanotubes.

Branched polymers: They consist of chain structure having one main chain of molecules with smaller chains as branches of main chain. For example, polypropylene, glycogen, etc. Linear polymers: They are made up of long and straight chains, i.e. continuous chains without any excess attachments, i.e. branches. For example, polythene, PVC, etc. Cross-linked (Network) polymers : They are usually formed from bifunctional or trifunctional monomers and they contain strong covalent bonds between various linear polymer chains. This leads to network like structure. They are so called due to cross-linking. For example, bakelite, melamine, etc.

 Define the terms: (i) System: A specific portion of the universe chosen for the study of thermodynamic properties is called a system. (ii) Surroundings: The part of the universe outside the system where the observations are made are called surroundings. (iii) Open system: A system that can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings is called an open system. E.g. : hot tea in an open cup. (iv) Closed system: A system that can exchange only energy but not matter with the surroundings is called a closed system. E.g.: hot tea in a cup covered with a saucer. (v) Isolated system: A system that cannot exchange matter or energy with its surroundings is called an isolated system. E.g.: hot tea in a thermos flask. Endothermic reactions: The reaction during which heat is absorbed from the surroundings are called endothermic reactions. E.g.: dissolution of ammonium chloride in water etc. (vii) Extensive properties: The property of a system whose magnitude depends on the amount of m...

Classes Of Polymer..Base on Intermolecular Force... (i) Elastomers: Elastomers, the elastic polymers, have weak van der Waals type of intermolecular forces which permit the polymer to be stretched. A few crosslinks between the chains help the stretched polymer to retract to its original position on removal of applied force. E.g.: Vulcanized rubber, neoprene. (ii) Fibres: The fibres possess high tensile strength which is a property to have resistance to breaking under tension. This character due to the strong intermolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and strong dipole-dipole forces. Due to the strong inter molecular forces the fibres are crystalline in nature. E.g.: polyamides, polyesters. (iii) Thermoplastic polymers: These polymers possess moderately strong intermolecular forces that are intermediate between elastomers and fibres. There is no cross linking between the chains. Therefore, thermoplastic polymers are capable of repeated softening on heating and hardening on cooling. E.g...

 Reference Electrode  Standard hydrogen electrode The electrons released in oxidation reaction must have to go somewhere. Hence, each oxidation must be accompanied by reduction. Therefore, the occurrence of only oxidation or only reduction is not possible. Oxidation occurs at anode in galvanic cell. The electrons released flow through external circuit to cathode where they are used in reduction. The sum of oxidation and reduction reaction taking place inside the cell is known as redox reaction. This redox reaction is associated with a potential known as cell potential. The cell potential is thus algebraic sum of two electrode potential  Thus, if the potential of one of the electrodes is zero then the measured emf of the cell will be equal to the potential of the other electrode. Hence, for measurement of single electrode potential, it must be coupled with another electrode for which potential is zero. Therefore it is necessary to choose an arbitrary standard electrode as ...

  The applications of buffer solutions Buffer solution finds extensive applications in a variety of fields. Some of its applications are as follows: (i) In biochemical system: pH of blood in our body is maintained at 7.36-7.42 due to (HCO + H,CO) buffer. A mere change of 0.2 pH units can cause death. The saline solution used for intravenous injection must contain buffer system to maintain the proper pH of the blood. (ii) Agriculture: The soils get buffered due to presence of salts such as carbonate, bicarbonate, phosphates and organic acids. The choice of fertilizers depends upon pH of soil. (iii) Industry: Buffers play an important role in paper, dye, ink, paint and drug industries. (iv) Medicine : Penicillin preparations are stabilized by addition of sodium citrate as buffer. When citric acid is added to milk of magnesia Mg(OH),, magnesium citrate is formed, which is a buffer. (v) Analytical chemistry: In qualitative analysis, a pH of 8 to 10 is required for precipitatio...

Metallic sodium has high electrical conductivity.   (i) Metallic sodium is an example of conductor where the conduction band is partially filled and there is no band gap. Electronic configuration of Na is [Ar]3s¹. (ii) Interaction of the partially filled 3s AOS of all the Na atoms gives rise to same number of Mos (molecular orbitals). All these closely spaced MOS together form a continuous band of energies which is called 3s band. (iii) Lower half of 3s band corresponds of BMOS (bonding molecular orbitals) and is filled while the upper half of 3s band corresponds to AMOS (anti bonding molecular orbitals) and is empty. (iv) There is no gap between these two halves. (v) The 3s band in sodium is the conduction band which contains same number of electrons as the sodium atoms. This is responsible for the high conductivity of metallic sodium.

  ⚡️⚡️ Chapter Wise marks NEET ⚡️⚡️ ⦿   Biology  𝟷. ɢᴇɴᴇᴛɪᴄs & ʙɪᴏᴛᴇᴄʜɴᴏʟᴏɢʏ: 𝟷𝟽-𝟸𝟷ǫ  𝟸. ᴇᴄᴏʟᴏɢʏ: 𝟾 - 𝟷𝟸 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟹. ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴅɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ: 𝟼 - 𝟾 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟺. ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴘʜʏsɪᴏʟᴏɢʏ: 𝟽 - 𝟷𝟶 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟻. ᴄᴇʟʟ, ᴄᴇʟʟ ᴅɪᴠɪsɪᴏɴ: 𝟻 - 𝟽 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟼. ᴀɴɪᴍᴀʟ ᴇᴍʙʀʏᴏʟᴏɢʏ & ʀᴇᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ: 𝟺 - 𝟼 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟽. ʀᴇᴘʀᴏᴅᴜᴄᴛɪᴏɴ ɪɴ ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ: 𝟺 - 𝟽 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟾. ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴍᴏʀᴘʜᴏʟᴏɢʏ: 𝟹 - 𝟺 ǫᴜᴇ. 𝟿. ʜᴜᴍᴀɴ ʜᴇᴀʟᴛʜ & ᴅɪsᴇᴀsᴇ: 𝟹 - 𝟻 ǫᴜᴇ. 𝟷𝟶. ᴀɴɪᴍᴀʟ ᴅɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ: 𝟸 - 𝟺 ǫᴜᴇ. 𝟷𝟷. ᴇᴠᴏʟᴜᴛɪᴏɴ: 𝟹 - 𝟺 ǫᴜᴇ. 𝟷𝟸. ᴘʟᴀɴᴛ ᴀɴᴀᴛᴏᴍʏ: 𝟹 - 𝟺 ǫᴜᴇ. 𝟷𝟹. ᴇɴᴅᴏᴄʀɪɴᴇ: 𝟸-𝟹 ǫᴜᴇ. 𝟷𝟺. ᴅɪɢᴇsᴛɪᴠᴇ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ: 𝟸 ǫᴜᴇ. 𝟷𝟻. ʀᴇsᴘɪʀᴀᴛᴏʀʏ sʏsᴛᴇᴍ: 𝟸 ǫᴜᴇ ⦿  Physics 𝟷. ᴍᴏᴅᴇʀɴ ᴘʜʏsɪᴄs: 𝟹 - 𝟺 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟸. ᴛʜᴇʀᴍᴀʟ ᴘʜʏsɪᴄs: 𝟺 - 𝟻 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟹. ᴍᴀɢɴᴇᴛɪsᴍ: 𝟸 - 𝟹 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟺. ᴄᴜʀʀᴇɴᴛ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀɪᴄɪᴛʏ: 𝟹- 𝟺 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟻. sᴇᴍɪᴄᴏɴᴅᴜᴄᴛᴏʀ: 𝟸 - 𝟹 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟼. ʀᴀʏ ᴏᴘᴛɪᴄs: 𝟹 - 𝟺 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟽. ʀᴏᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴍᴏᴛɪᴏɴ: 𝟸 - 𝟹 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟾. ɢʀᴀᴠɪᴛᴀᴛɪᴏɴ: 𝟸 - 𝟹 ǫᴜᴇ.  𝟿. ᴋɪɴᴇ...

 Biology Tricks Types of vaccines: ▪️STARK Subunit Toxoid Attenuated(live) Recombinant Killed(inactivated) Functions of Adrenal Gland ▪️ACTH 1. Adrenergic functions 2. Catabolism of proteins/Carbohydrate metabolism 3. T cell immunomodulation 4. Hyper/Hypo tension(blood pressure control) B vitamin names ▪️The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious In increasing order: Thiamine (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Niacin (B3) Pyridoxine (B6) Cobalamin (B12) Citric acid cycle compounds ▪️Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?" Oxaloacetate Citrate Isocitrate Ketoglutarate Succinyl coA Succinate Fumarat

 🛑🛑  Notes on Chemical and Ionic Equilibrium 👉🏻Equilibrium Equilibrium is the state of a process in which the properties like temperature, pressure, and concentration etc of the system do not show any change with passage of time. ➖In all processes which attain equilibrium, two opposing processes are involved. ➖Equilibrium is attained when the rates of the two opposing processes become equal. ➖If the opposing processes involve only physical changes, the equilibrium is called Physical Equilibrium. ➖If the opposing processes are chemical reactions, the equilibrium is called Chemical Equilibrium. Physical Equilibrium ➖Solid – liquid Equilibrium: H2O(s) = H2O(l) ➖Liquid – Gas Equilibrium: H2O(l) = H2O(g) ➖Solid – Solution Equilibrium: Salt(Solid) = Salt(in solution) ➖Gas –Solution equilibrium: CO2(g) = CO2(in solution) Equilibrium in Chemical Process Reversible reaction:  A reaction in which not only the reactants react to form the products under certain conditions but als...

 Periodic Table Chemistry Tricks - Group 1 - Lina Kare Rab Se Fariyad Elements - Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr Group 2 - Beta Mange Cars Saari Baap Roye Elements - Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra Group 13 - Bengan, Aaloo, Gazar In Thella Elements - B, Al, Ga, In, Tl Group 14 - Chemistry Sir Gives Sanki Problems. Elements - C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb Group 15 - Nepal Pakistan Australia Sab Bikhari (No offence!!) Elements - N, P, As, Sb, Bi Group 16 - Old Style Se Tepo Elements - O, S, Se, Te, Po Group 17 - Fir Call kar Bahaar AayI Aunty Elements - F, Cl, Br, I, At Group 18 - Heena Neena Aur Kareena Xenath Rangeen Elements - He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn D blocks elements - Esi TV Corporation Mange Fir raha hein, Koi Ni Kuch nahi Janta Elements - Sc, T, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn

Trick for S.A. , S.B  & W.A , W.B STRONG ACID Remember 7 strong acid... Out of those, 4 acid are made up of halogen so it is simple eg. HCl, HBr, HI , HF For remaining 3 acid, remember the subscipts 2,3,4 eg. H 2 SO4 , HCLO 3 , HCLO4 And all types of salt It works for me WEAK ACID  Those acid who don't comes under the 7 names of above strong acid can be considered as weak acid... They includes oxyacids of P and many more STRONG BASE  Any soluble salt that contains hydroxide are strong base ALL ALKALI METAL HYDROXIDE except - Ba(OH)2 Alkali metal = group 1 members WEAK BASE  ALL ALKALINE EARTH METAL HYDROXIDE except Ba(OH)2 ,all organic base. Alkaline earth metals - group -2 members

Some Important Compaunds 1. He --Helium 2. Hg -- Mercury   3. Hydrogen — H₂  4. Boran --B   5. Carbon Monoxide - CO  6. Sulfur Dioxide — SO₂  7. Nitrogen Dioxide - NO₂  8. Nitrogen monoxide (nitric oxide) - NO  9. Dinitrogen Oxide (Nitrous Oxide) - N₂O  10. Chlorine - Cl₂  11. Hydrogen chloride — HCl  12. Ammonia - NH₃  Acid  20. Calcium Hydroxide - Ca (OH) ₂  22. Carbonate Sodium — Na₂CO₃  25. Ammonium Sulfate - (NH₄) ₂SO₄  Commercial and Chemical Names of Common Chemicals Business Name - IAPUC Name - Molecule Formula  27. Chalk - Calcium Carbonate - CaCO₃  Alcohol - Ethyl   34. T.N.T. - Tri Nitro Tallinn - C6H₂CH₃ (NO₂)   35. Washing Soda - Sodium Carbonate - Na₂CO₃  36. Blue Thoth - Copper Sulphate - CuSO₄  37. Molar - Ammonium Chloride - NH₄Cl  38. Alum - Potassium aluminum sulfate - K₂SO₄Al₂ (SO₄) ₃.24H₂O  39. Quenched lime - calcium hydroxide ...