Important Define Terms.

 Define the terms:

(i) System: A specific portion of the universe chosen for the study of thermodynamic properties is called a system.

(ii) Surroundings: The part of the universe outside the system where the observations are made are called surroundings.

(iii) Open system: A system that can exchange both matter and energy with its surroundings is called an open system. E.g. : hot tea in an open cup.

(iv) Closed system: A system that can exchange only energy but not matter with the surroundings is called a closed system. E.g.: hot tea in a cup covered with a saucer.

(v) Isolated system: A system that cannot exchange matter or energy with its surroundings is called an isolated system. E.g.: hot tea in a thermos flask.

Endothermic reactions: The reaction during which heat is absorbed from the surroundings are called endothermic reactions.

E.g.: dissolution of ammonium chloride in water etc.

(vii) Extensive properties: The property of a system whose magnitude depends on the amount of matter present in the system is called an extensive property. E.g. mass, volume, internal energy, heat capacity, etc.

(vii) Endothermic reactions: The reaction during which heat is absorbed from the surroundings are called endothermic reactions.

E.g.: dissolution of ammonium chloride in water etc.

(viii) Extensive properties: The property of a system whose magnitude depends on the amount of matter present in the system is called an extensive property. E.g. mass, volume, internal energy, heat capacity, etc.

(ix) Intensive properties: The property of a system whose magnitude is independent of the amount of matter present in the system is called intensive property. E.g.: temperature, density, viscosity, surface tension etc.

X ) Oxidation Potential: It is defined as the difference of electrical potential between electrode and solution when electrode undergoes oxidation when dipped in the solution of its own ions.

Xi) Reduction Potential: It is defined as the difference of electrical potential between electrode and solution when reduction occurs at electrode if dipped in the solution of its own ions.

Xii )Cell Potential: The cell potential or emf of cell is defined as the difference of potential between the electrodes corresponding to an external flow of electrons from the left hand side electrode anode to the right hand side electrode cathode.