Metal-Ligand Bonding

 



The steps involved in the metal-ligand bonding.




(1)  Find the oxidation state of central metal ion in the complex.


(2)  Write the valence shell electronic configuration of metal ion.


(3)  From the formula of the complex determine the number of ligands and find the number of metal ion orbitals required for bonding.


(4)  Find the orbitals of metal ion available for hybridisation and the type of hybridisation involved.


(5)  Represent the electronic configuration of metal ion after hybridisation.


(6)  Exhibit filling of hybrid orbitals after complex formation.


(7)  Determine the number of unpaired electrons and predict magnetic property of the complex.


(8)  Find whether the complex is low spin or high spin (applicable for octahedral complexes with d or dª electronic configuration).

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

माध्यमिक शालान्त प्रमाणपत्र (इ. १० वी) परीक्षा फेब्रुवारी-मार्च २०२५ निकाल

Image
  दहावी शालांत निकाल  आपणास खालील दिलेल्या संकेत स्थळ वर पाहू शकतात 🙏🏽 अधिकृत संकेतस्थळांचे पत्ते पुढीलप्रमाणे आहेत.  1 . https://results.digilocker.gov.in २. https://sscresult.mahahsscboard.in ३. http://sscresult.mkcl.org ४. https://results.targetpublications.org ५. https://results.navneet.com ६. https://www.tv9hindi.com/education/board-exams/maharashtra-board- exams ७. https://education.indianexpress.com/boards-exam/maharashtra-ssc-10-results ८. https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/results ९. https://www.aajtak.in/education/board-exam-results माध्यमिक शालान्त प्रमाणपत्र (इ. १० वी) फेब्रुवारी-मार्च २०२५ परीक्षेस प्रविष्ट झालेल्या सर्व विद्यार्थ्यांचे विषयनिहाय संपादित केलेले गुण उपरोक्त संकेतस्थळांवरुन उपलब्ध होतील व सदर माहितीची प्रत (प्रिंट आउट) घेता येईल. तसेच https://mahahsscboard.in (in school login) या संकेतस्थळावर शाळांना एकत्रित निकाल व इतर सांख्यिकीय माहिती उपलब्ध होईल.
Read more

Hsc Result 2025

Image
   बारावीचा निकाल (HSC Result 2025) उद्या म्हणजे 5 मे रोजी जाहीर होणार आहे. निकाल पाहण्यासाठी link 👇🏽👇🏽👇🏽 *https://results.digilocker.gov.in* *https://mahahsscboard.in* *http://hscresult.mkcl.org* https://results.targetpublications.org
Read more

Buffer Solution

Image
 A buffer solution is a solution that resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added to it. It is a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Buffer solutions are used in a variety of applications, including:  * Chemical reactions: Buffer solutions are used to maintain a constant pH during chemical reactions.  * Biological systems: Buffer solutions are used to maintain the pH of blood and other bodily fluids.  * Industrial processes: Buffer solutions are used in a variety of industrial processes, such as food production and wastewater treatment. Here are some examples of buffer solutions:  * A mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate  * A mixture of ammonium chloride and ammonia  * A mixture of citric acid and sodium citrate The pH of a buffer solution can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation: pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]) where:  * pKa is the negative logarithm of the ...
Read more