Trivial and IUPAC names of ketones

 

Trivial and IUPAC names of ketones

Nomenclature of ketones :

(A) Common System:

(1) Ketones are named according to the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl carbon atom followed by the word ketone.

(2) The substituents in the alkyl groups are indicated by Greek letters α, β, γ, etc. starting from the carbon atom attached to the carbonyl group.

(B) IUPAC System:

(1) The longest continuous chain containing carbonyl carbon atom is selected as a parent hydrocarbon.

(2) 'e' of the alkane is replaced by 'one'. Alkane Alkane.

(3) The position of carbonyl group is represented by the lowest location.

(4) The substituents in the alkyl groups are prefixed in the alphabetical order along with their positions by appropriate locants.

(5) When two C = O groups are present, then ending 'e' of alkane is retained and the suffix -'dione' is added to the name of parent ketone indicating the locants of ketonic carbonyl groups.

(6) In case of polyfunctional ketones, higher priority group is given lower number. When ketonic carbonyl is a lower priority group it is named as 'oxo', preceded by the Locant. In alicyclic ketones, carbonyl carbon is numbered as 1.